What is one method a central bank uses to control inflation?

A central bank employs various strategies to manage inflation, with one significant method being the reduction of the money supply. When a central bank decreases the amount of money circulating in the economy, it can effectively help to curb inflationary pressures. This action can be achieved through mechanisms such as raising interest rates, selling government securities, or increasing reserve requirements for banks. By tightening the money supply, borrowing becomes more expensive and consumer spending typically slows down, thus leading to a reduction in demand for goods and services. As demand decreases, it often results in slower price increases or even deflation, helping to stabilize the economy and maintain price levels.

In contrast, increasing government spending or lowering tax rates tends to stimulate the economy, which can further fuel inflation rather than control it. Similarly, increasing tariffs on imports could lead to higher prices for imported goods without addressing the underlying issues of money supply and demand dynamics that primarily drive inflation.